KCK: A Conversation with Cemil Bayik, co-chair of the KCK Executive Council (07-09 Oct)

The international conspiracy targeting Rêber Apo¹ is an attack carried out against the Kurdish people, the peoples of the Middle East, and all of humanity. It is about to reach its 26th anniversary and to enter its 27th year. A great persecution was committed against our people, the peoples of the Middle East, and humanity in the person of Rêber Apo. On this occasion, I offer my greetings and respect to Rêber Apo and reiterate our promise to him, who is waging a historic resistance against this conspiracy. The resistance developed through people like Halit Oral² against the international conspiracy has determined a new line of resistance. Not only cadres of the party but also the people of Kurdistan took part in it. Today, humanity is taking part in it. This line of resistance is developing and succeeding day by day and continues to this day. Great oppression, persecution, and torture were carried out against our people, the peoples of the Middle East, and humanity through what they have done to Rêber Apo. But with his resistance, Rêber Apo took the values of our people, the peoples of the Middle East, and humanity as a basis for his struggle and became a universal representative of them.

The fact that there was a conspiracy against Rêber Apo, that this conspiracy is still insisted on, and today is continued through a system of absolute isolation and solitary confinement, makes it necessary to understand the reason for it very well. And in order to be able to understand it well, one needs to understand first of all the approach of the system of capitalist modernity, of the occupiers, of the nation states, and of the powers. If one does not understand their approach towards the Kurds well, one cannot understand the international conspiracy and the continued isolation. The foundation for this was laid at the Cairo meeting. At the Cairo meeting, a policy regarding the Middle East was determined. The Middle East was fragmented; both the Arabs and the Kurds were fragmented, and through this fragmentation they established the system of capitalist modernity in the region. When they did this fragmentation in the Middle East, they denied the existence of the Kurdish people; they said the Kurdish people no longer existed. They said that there is no place for Kurds in the politics of the Middle East, in the politics of the capitalist modernity system. That is why they took the politics of genocide and extermination as a basis. That is why they excluded Kurds from the system they developed. This means that the Kurds no longer have any rights and laws.

Since then, the politics of genocide have been carried out until today. Like I pointed out, if one does not understand this well, the laws developed against the Kurds cannot be understood. As is known, many laws were enacted; for example, the so-called ‘Eastern Reform Plan’, the ‘Tunceli Law’, the ‘Takrir-i Sukun Law’, and many others related to these were enacted. The aim of all these laws was the elimination of the Kurds. The Turkish state is now again enacting its laws as genocidal laws against the Kurds. There is only one law for the Kurds in Turkey; everyone who comes to power must take the genocide of the Kurds as a basis. Those who are in power must continue the politics of genocide and deliver results. Those who do not take this politics as a basis can never come to or stay in power in this state. If they brought the AKP-MHP to power and keep them in power, it was to complete the Kurdish genocide. The AKP-MHP maintain their power entirely on the basis of the Kurdish genocide.

The Turkish state was founded on the basis of the politics of genocide; politics is carried out on this foundation. They consider themselves entitled to everything they do to the Kurds. They commit massacres, ban everything, throw countless Kurds in prisons, kill and torture them there, plunder the Kurdish nature, force the people to migrate from their land; they see it as their right to do all these things. Because they are pursuing a policy of genocide against the Kurds, and they insist on this policy to achieve results. This is the reality of the Turkish state. The Turkish state assessed the development of the international conspiracy as an opportunity for itself. They thought that they could take advantage of this opportunity and could successfully conclude their policy of genocide against the Kurds. And indeed, the international conspiracy helped the Turkish state in every way. Because the system developed by capitalist modernity was based on the genocide and extermination of the Kurds. Since the Turkish state was also pursuing this policy, they helped the Turkish state in every way. They were doing this for their interests.

The Imrali system is a completely illegitimate system. It is a system developed by Gladio. For 26 years, the rule of Gladio has been applied in Imrali. There is no law there, as there are no rights and laws for the Kurdish people. With the Cairo meeting, they deprived the Kurds of their rights and laws. A people whose rights and laws have been usurped, and even those who stand up for that people, who struggle for democracy and freedom for that people, are declared criminals by these forces. That is why they see the struggle waged by Rêber Apo and the PKK against them; they see them as criminals. That is why they are unlimitedly hostile to Rêber Apo and the PKK. That is why they do not recognize any right, law, or justice. Rêber Apo stood against this system regardless of the very difficult conditions and impossibilities in Imrali. In other words, he stood against the Gladio system and developed a historical resistance. He represents and defends Kurdish values as well as human values in general. Rêber Apo managed to turn himself into a power of solution. He did this for the Kurdish people, the people of the Middle East, and humanity.

In order to be able to solve the named problems, Rêber Apo evaluated who initiated the international conspiracy, and who took part in it. He drew conclusions from these evaluations and renewed himself and his philosophy based on them. He revived the Kurdish people in his own person. Therefore, he developed a new paradigm for the Kurdish people and humanity, particularly for women. This is how he raised their hopes. The reason why they insist on the conspiracy and impose isolation is because they are afraid of Rêber Apo. They are afraid of his ideas and speeches. Because he has an impact not only on the politics of Turkey but also on the politics of the Middle East and on a global level. He influences not only the Kurdish people, gives morale and hope, and shows the way to a solution. That is why the conspirators, treasonous Kurds, and the colonizers are afraid of Rêber Apo.

The Turkish state does not accept the so-called ‘Right to Hope’ because it wants to conclude the genocide of the Kurdish people and eliminate everything in the name of Kurdistan. Because, as I said, already at the Cairo meeting, the existence of the Kurdish people was denied, and they were excluded from the new world system. They did not give any rights to the Kurdish people; they said that the Kurdish people had no right to live. They developed their system on this basis. The Turkish state was founded based on this later on in Lausanne. That is why the Turkish state does not accept the Kurds and does not recognize their rights. That is why they do not accept Rêber Apo’s ‘Right to Hope’. The approach to Rêber Apo’s is like litmus paper; it reveals the political stance of anyone. Rêber Apo’s resistance in Imrali has revealed the reality of all Kurds; it has revealed in every way what the line of betrayal and collaborationism is and what the patriotic and revolutionary stance is. This is, for example, the reason why the reality of the Barzani family clan is so clearly seen through by so many Kurds today.

This is a great achievement for the Kurdish people. Because until now the Kurdish people thought that this family was fighting for the Kurds. Now it is visible to everybody that this family is solely running after whatever their interests are. That is why they side with the enemies of the Kurdish people. Rêber Apo did not only reveal the Kurdish traitors but also the reality of those who deceivingly call themselves socialists, democrats, and intellectuals, and those who wrongly claim to struggle for freedom and democracy against fascism and genocide. It was revealed who really upholds these values and who hides under these values. Rêber Apo ensured a correct understanding of patriotism and a revolutionary attitude among the Kurds. Like this, he has also revealed who in the world is a friend and who is a foe of the Kurds. Because Rêber Apo struggled for this all his life. He took it as a basis to expose betrayal and reveal patriotism. In this struggle, both Rêber Apo, the Kurdish people, and the PKK have suffered great pain and paid great prices, but they have also achieved great goals.

The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe (CoE) held a meeting last month. At that meeting, they gave the Turkish state a one-year deadline to change. However, Europe had taken such a decision already in 2014. Also, the court that tried Rêber Apo did not conduct a proper trial; he should be retried. Rêber Apo is currently being tortured in Imrali. All of his rights have been trampled on. But the CoE has not taken any further steps, even though ten years have passed since their last decision. Why didn’t they take any further steps? Why didn’t the CoE stand behind their decision for ten years? Because the Turkish state had taken a decision against Rêber Apo, the PKK, and free Kurds and put that decision into practice. This decision was the ‘çöktürme planı’³. In other words, it was to eliminate and destroy everything that stood for the Kurdish identity and Kurdistan. It was to completely eliminate Rêber Apo and the PKK. Since they took this decision on this basis, the CoE and the institutions affiliated with them also took this decision of the Turkish state as a basis. They waited for the outcome. They calculated that the Turkish state would liquidate the PKK and genocide the Kurdish people. When this plan was realized, there would be no need to bring up Rêber Apo’s ‘Right to Hope’. That is why they also helped the Turkish state. Both during the conspiracy and afterwards, they helped the Turkish state in every sense. Because the Turkish state was accepted in Lausanne through the alliance that was formed there. And this alliance was an alliance formed by those who took part in the Cairo meeting. Those who tore the Middle East to pieces, those who did not give Kurds a place in the Middle East, in the world system, those who denied the existence of the Kurds, those who deprived them of their rights, implemented their decisions in Lausanne. However, when the PKK and its international friends struggled, Europe’s expectations from the Turkish state were not realized. The liquidation of the PKK and the genocide of the Kurdish people was not completed; they were stuck, and so they had to discuss their decision once again.

The fact that they now gave the Turkish state a one-year deadline was at the request of the Turkish state. The Turkish state tells everyone that it has taken so many steps against the PKK, against the struggle developed by Rêber Apo, and that it always promises that it will bring the liquidation and genocide to a conclusion. That’s why they asked for one more year. That is why the CoE gave the Turkish state this one more year. This means that they receive the allowance to continue torturing Rêber Apo to eliminate the PKK and liquidate the Kurds. Their decision serves this. So Europe stands by its original decision. The decision that the Turkish state imposes on Rêber Apo, the PKK, and the Kurds is the decision taken at the Cairo meeting. On this basis, the Turkish state is conducting a policy of genocide and liquidation. The Turkish state is not only subjecting Kurds to genocide. There were so many peoples of different nations, beliefs, and cultures in Turkey, and they were all subjected to genocide. Only the Kurds as a big nation are left, and they want to eliminate the Kurds as well. They are using all the means available in Turkey for this purpose.

Many struggles for democracy and freedom have developed in European history. Many achievements emerged as a result of these struggles. And now, Europe is trampling on these achievements and its own values. The peoples of Europe must see this and not accept it. They must stand against it and must protect their achievements and values. Europe is moving away from its values day by day, trampling them underfoot. This is why fascist movements are growing in Europe. Because if one leaves law, justice, democracy, and freedom aside, fascism develops. That is why the peoples of Europe who stand against fascism, who stand against injustice and oppression, who fight for democracy, freedom, socialism, and justice need to see this.

Just as the capitalist modernity system stands against humanity, human values, democracy, freedom, justice and equality through the person of Rêber Apo, the struggle for those values must be increased all over the world. If the representatives of the system of capitalist modernity in the world, the powers within that system, stand against the peoples, against women, youth, workers, peasants, democratic forces, and trample on the values they have achieved through years of struggle, these forces should not just stand by and watch this. They should stand against this and defend their values and their future. Today Rêber Apo is defending the values of humanity, democracy, socialism and freedom. These forces must also stand up for Rêber Apo. Stand against the conspiracy, isolation and raise the struggle for democracy and freedom. The struggle for the physical freedom of Rêber Apo must be increased.

Footnotes:

Part 2 (08 October 2024)

Originally published: https://kck-info.com/interviews081024/

After the collapse of the Soviet system, there was a political vacuum. The system of capitalist modernity wanted to fill it in order to declare its hegemony over the whole world. In order to be able to do so, an ideological, psychological, military, and cultural war was launched. And day by day, this war continued to expand. Although Rêber Apo¹ laid the foundation of the struggle in Ankara and developed it in northern Kurdistan, the struggle grew in the other parts of Kurdistan as well. The struggle even began to break through the framework of Kurdistan and began to affect the entire Middle East. Until then, the Middle East was the basis for the system of capitalist modernity. So, Rêber Apo’s influence on the Middle East was to be prevented because the capitalist modernity system wanted to establish its hegemony all over the world. And the way to do this was through the Middle East. Therefore, they had to prevent anything in the Middle East that could pose a threat to their system. Accordingly, they saw Rêber Apo as a danger and made plans on how to prevent him. If they did not conquer the Middle East, they could not declare their hegemony to the world. Therefore, they found the solution to prevent Rêber Apo in the international conspiracy.

Once they neutralized Rêber Apo, they could easily fulfill their goals in the Middle East. That is why they initiated the international conspiracy. The Turkish state also wanted to take advantage of this, aiming to liquidate the PKK and complete the Kurdish genocide. But both capitalist modernity and the Turkish state failed to achieve the desired result. They wanted to form other alliances to achieve results. Here, too, it made some alliances with the Barzani family clan and the Iraqi state. The Turkish state knew that if it could not bring together the occupiers and powers in the Middle East, if it could not bring these powers and the capitalist powers together, it would not be able to fulfill its goal of liquidating the PKK and completing the Kurdish genocide. The Turkish state is currently working on this basis and is doing dangerous work. Our people and international friends need to evaluate these developments well. If one does not understand this situation well, an appropriate struggle cannot be waged, set goals will not be achieved, and one cannot become a hope of humanity. Rêber Apo was trying to figure out why the conspiracy was being carried out, what its purpose was, and how one could stand against it. Crucial to him was the question about what should be done to frustrate the conspiracy. And he found many answers to those questions.

Everyone expected that through the abduction of Rêber Apo, the PKK and the free Kurds would disappear. But because Rêber Apo analyzed the conspirators and their collaborators very well and was aware of their goals, he was able to become a solving force himself and focused on frustrating their aspirations. No one expected that Rêber Apo would be able to oppose the conspiracy so strongly. Rêber Apo developed a new paradigm for the Kurdish people, for the peoples of the Middle East, for humanity, for the democratic and freedom-seeking forces, and particularly for the women and the youth. He raised the hope of the peoples, of those who struggled for socialism, freedom, and democracy. In this way, he personally managed to frustrate the international conspiracy. Rêber Apo wanted not only the PKK to resist but also the Kurdish people, the peoples of the Middle East, the women, and all oppressed peoples to also join this resistance against the conspiracy. He developed the new paradigm on this basis. Day by day, the paradigm is spreading all over the world and Rêber Apo, and the struggle of the Kurdish people and Kurdish women is understood much better.

As it is known, the Soviet system came up during the First World War, and during the Second World War it developed, spread, and strengthened. The current situation of the forces of capitalist modernity is not like it was during the First or Second World War. It is facing great chaos and crisis; it wants to get out of this situation, but no matter what it does, it cannot. That is why it is deepening the war day by day. This war may take place in some other parts of the world as well, but the center of this war is growing in the Middle East, and it will eventually spread more and more. The center of the war is the Middle East, and Kurdistan is the center of the Middle East. Those who lead the system of capitalist modernity have taken the Middle East as a basis to bring the system out of chaos and crisis. That is why they are expanding the war day by day. Some may say that the war is being waged only by Israel; this is what is visible. But there are things that are hidden, and this is being revealed day by day. The system puts Israel at the forefront; they want to both defend Israel and strengthen the Israeli power militarily, diplomatically, and economically in the Middle East.

They want to redesign the Middle East again, as the system of capitalist modernity developed through the design of the Middle East in the First and Second World Wars. The system is now in chaos; the institutions it developed during the First and Second World Wars have been defeated; the institutions need to be rebuilt, so they are developing a hot war in the Middle East. They conduct this war through Israel. It is stated that there is a war between Iran and Israel; this may be partly true, but the war is not only between Israel and Iran. The war is mainly between capitalist modernity and democratic modernity. The war is being waged on this basis. The Turkish state is acting as if it is uncomfortable with this war, as if it is against Israel. However, the Turkish state is not against Israel; they are expressing their contradictions. What they are saying is that they are part of NATO and that NATO, and capitalist modernity in general, should develop there based on them. What they say is that they are ready for this. Capitalist modernity has brought the forces in Turkey to power so that they can complete the genocide against the Kurds, smash the PKK, and establish a strong new system in the Middle East. Among other things, they created ISIS for this purpose. But now Turkey is complaining that it is being abandoned. Israel and a handful of Arab states are being pushed to the forefront and are taking the place that Turkey would like to have.

Iran also sees this situation as contrary to its interests because both Iran and the Turkish state have built great states in the Middle East in the past, and they dream on this basis. But the system is currently weakening Iran and the Turkish state through Israel and some Arab states. This is the reason why Iran and Turkey have conflicts with Israel. Otherwise, the Turkish state is not against Israel. Massacres are taking place against the Kurdish people, the Palestinian people, and many other peoples of the Middle East. Nobody is making a sound about this. Why? Because they want to reorganize the Middle East for the system of capitalist modernity. That is why they do not want the peoples of the Middle East to emerge victorious from this war. With this war, they want to weaken the peoples and establish their system. Israel says that they kill so many terrorists every day, and the Turkish state says the exact same thing. It is like a competition between Israel and the Turkish state to kill and massacre. The politics being carried out is based on this and is exactly the same. The only question is whether Israel or Turkey will develop its hegemony over the Middle East. This is their only question and problem. One must understand this reality well and not be mistaken. We are against this war and massacres. Against this, we struggle for freedom, democracy, and justice. And we will continue our struggle more strongly.

The system of capitalist modernity and the forces that lead this system do not want a democratic solution to be realized in the Middle East. Contrary, they want to prevent this. Because their interests require it. Rêber Apo and the PKK want to take the Middle East out of this dirty war and open a new page for the peoples. They want to ensure freedom, democracy, and justice in the Middle East. They want to develop the unity of peoples, beliefs, and cultures. The capitalist system sees this as dangerous for its interests. That is why it wants to deepen the war between peoples, beliefs, and cultures. That is why they prevent the solution that Rêber Apo wants to develop in the Middle East. They paved the way for the likes of ISIS in the Middle East. They attacked the PKK with the support they received. Why? Because they wanted to prevent the Democratic Nation as a solution system. This is why ISIS attacked the PKK and the Kurds. They aimed to deepen the problems created by the capitalist modernity system in the past. On this basis, they wanted to put the Middle East at their service. Of course, the Turkish state gave the biggest support to ISIS and still continues to do so.

The Turkish state claims that nothing can happen in the Middle East without it. Everything that is sought there should be done through it. They are trying to enforce this. The PKK and the free Kurds stood against this and prevented the likes of ISIS from wreaking havoc in the Middle East. If today Rêber Apo, the PKK, and the free Kurds are being targeted, this is why, because they did not allow the conflicts in the Middle East to deepen. The Turkish state shows that it wants to deepen the conflicts, but it is hindered through them. That is why the Turkish state acts so hostile. This is why it is hostile to Rêber Apo, the PKK, and the solution of the Democratic Nation. Therefore, the efforts to implement the solution developed by Rêber Apo for the Middle East and humanity must be strengthened. The stronger the struggle on this basis, the sooner the demands of the peoples will be realized. Otherwise, the chaos and crisis of the capitalist modernity system will grow even more. The current war is being fought within this framework.

Therefore, anyone who says that they are against the system of capitalist modernity, that this system is against society, against humanity, against life, must take Rêber Apo’s struggle for the peoples and humanity as a basis. The solution lays within Rêber Apo’s paradigm; the solution is in the Democratic Confederal system; the solution is on the path of the Democratic Nation. That is why it is the forces of capitalist modernity that are currently fighting in the Middle East, led by Israel-America and Iran and Turkey, who also have their own aims in the Middle East. But the system of capitalist modernity prevents Turkey and Iran. That is why these two states are not comfortable. They see that some developments are taking place, but they do not serve their interests. That is why they are not comfortable. We need to develop a revolution of Democratic Modernity out of these conflicts. This is everyone’s duty in the Middle East.

Footnotes:

1 Referring to Kurdish people’s leader Abdullah Ocalan.

Part 3 (09 October 2024)

Originally published: https://kck-info.com/interviews091024/

For the physical freedom of Rêber Apo¹, on October 10, 2023, our internationalist friends launched the global campaign with the name ‘Freedom for Abdullah Ocalan, a Political Solution to the Kurdish Question’. Soon after its launch, the Kurdish people also joined in this campaign, but it was not prioritized by Kurds but by all the peoples struggling for democracy, freedom, justice, and equality. An agenda was created; Rêber Apo and his paradigm were presented and spread all over the world. So, one can say that the first phase of the global campaign has been successfully completed. Now, the campaign has left one year behind. I salute, congratulate, and pay my respects to everyone who took part in the efforts surrounding the campaign. Our internationalist friends developed this campaign, strengthened it, and spread it to the world together with the Kurdish people. This is a great success for the Kurdish people. There has been a lot of pain, and a high price has been paid, but it became a great success for the Kurdish people. On this basis, the Kurdish people will further expand their gains and achievements. They will achieve their goals; they will ensure the physical freedom of Rêber Apo and the democratic solution of the Kurdish question. On this occasion, I salute, congratulate, and pay my respects to our heroic people.

Many developments and successes have been achieved through the campaign. The role of internationalism in these developments and successes is very important. The internationalists spearheaded the first phase of the campaign, and the Kurdish people took part in it and worked for its success. It seems that it will yield further results in the coming year because its spreading around the world continues every day, and Rêber Apo’s prison writings are being read more and more. Particularly, the reading and discussion of the prison writings should be further developed, and activities in this regard should be prioritized more in the future. Because, as Rêber Apo also said, “Wherever my prison writings are, I am there.” This is one of the reasons for the success of this move. The more those writings are read, the better they are understood, and the better the reality of Rêber Apo and the politics towards him, the PKK, and the Kurdish people will be understood. Like this, the politics being carried out can and will be more strongly opposed.

People from so many different nations, women, youth, artists, municipality members, trade unionists in England and Scotland, politicians, academics, lawyers, Nobel Prize-winning intellectuals, and many others take part in the campaign and have already carried out much work in the first year that we are now leaving behind. If Rêber Apo and its paradigm have become better known and discussed all over the world, and if the embrace for Rêber Apo has increased even further, then this is largely due to the people who have participated in the campaign so far. I greet, congratulate, and pay my respects to each and every one of them. I believe that they will work even more vigorously in the future, just as they have worked until today. Because day by day they understand Rêber Apo and his paradigm much better. The better Rêber Apo’s paradigm is understood, the stronger it will be embraced.

From the first moment that the campaign was developed, capitalist modernity opposed it. Because their aim is to neutralize Rêber Apo and the PKK and complete the Kurdish genocide. Therefore, they stood against the campaign wherever they could. Those who developed the international conspiracy, those who insist on it, and those who continue it through absolute isolation still want to neutralize Rêber Apo, liquidate the PKK, and complete the genocide. International reactions against the conspiracy politics are increasing day by day, and the embrace of Rêber Apo and his paradigm is growing even more. This is also why there is a war on the level of a world war. Because the conspiracy is international, the struggle against it must also be international. The war is also developing on the same basis.

What do those who take part in the campaign, those who want Rêber Apo’s physical freedom and a democratic solution to the Kurdish question say? Rêber Apo’s situation is similar to Mandela’s. They say that what was done for Mandela should also be done for Rêber Apo. It is true; there are some similarities in the situation of Mandela and Rêber Apo, but they are not similar in every way. When an international movement was developed for Mandela, the situation in the world was different. The situation today is very different. The Third World War is going on, and there is an international conspiracy against Rêber Apo. Therefore, there are also many differences in the situation of Mandela. Maybe the campaign launched for Mandela developed easily and achieved quick results. But the campaign for Rêber Apo’s physical freedom may not develop as easily and quickly as Mandela’s did. This needs to be seen, and the campaign that has been developed needs to be enlarged even more.

Of course, what has been done so far is sacred to us, but it is not enough in order to be able to ensure the physical freedom of Rêber Apo. What is the conclusion we can draw from this? A bigger movement must be developed. That’s why everyone should be focused on this. Everyone’s agenda should be based on this, and they should carry out their work on this basis. Rêber Apo is the center of all the work; what can we do to ensure Rêber Apo’s physical freedom as soon as possible? Because the longer it is delayed, the worse the situation will be for Rêber Apo, for Kurds, and for humanity. That is why we must develop strong movement very quickly, and this is everyone’s duty. We have to develop a movement with the participation of millions. Millions should participate in rallies; millions should march.

People who have an impact on humanity should take part in these rallies, speak, and appeal to the conscience of humanity. Then Rêber Apo’s physical freedom will be achieved faster. When Rêber Apo is physically liberated, the Kurdish question will also be solved. The reality of Rêber Apo and the Kurdish question complement each other. For this reason, life without Rêber Apo is haram to us. The approach to Rêber Apo is the approach to us; the approach to us is the approach to Rêber Apo. Everyone, especially the members of this movement, the PKK and PAJK movement, must spread the prison writings of Rêber Apo like apostles; they must spread them everywhere. Discussions should be held everywhere based on the prison writings. If they do this, Rêber Apo and his paradigm will be better understood. The embrace of Rêber Apo and the Kurdish people will be stronger. In the second phase of the global campaign, everyone should work on this basis. Our work and marches should be entirely for the physical freedom of Rêber Apo and the democratic solution of the Kurdish question. I condemn the international conspiracy once again. Our anger against the conspiracy must grow even more and turn into organization and action. Once again, I greet, congratulate, and respect everyone. Bijî² Rêber Apo!

Footnotes:

1 Referring to Kurdish people’s leader Abdullah Ocalan.

2 ‚Bijî‘ is the Kurdish word for ‚long live‘.